MAGICAL evening is in store for nature lovers wanting to revitalise their spirits.

 MAGICAL evening is in store for nature lovers wanting to revitalise their spirits.


The Forestry Commission is staging a spring herb walk through 360 hectare Chambers Farm Wood, near Wragby, Lincolnshire, on Saturday May 19.

Leading the way will be medical herbalist Debbie Lincoln from Metheringham.

She said: "Spring is a truly magical time when many herbs were once gathered.

"I'll be uncovering the natural secrets of plants growing in this wonderful wood and explaining their many uses.

"Young dandelion and burdock roots are excellent for rustic salads this time of year, while sliver birch leaves are ripe to make a traditional tonic.

"Nettle tinctures have also long been used by hay fever sufferers.
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"Plants are still incredibly important in modern medicines so this is a walk of discovery."

The two hour event meets at the Chambers Wood Centre between Wragby and Bardney at 5pm.

Treat your Dog

Arthritis affects one in every five adult dogs in the U.S. and is one of the most common sources of chronic pain that veterinarians treat. Dr Randy Aronson, host of the popular "Pet Vet" Radio Show and a renowned expert on Integrative medicines and healthier lifestyles for pets, believes that the approach to better human health can also be applied to pet health.

“Arthritis doesn’t just affect people, it can also affect your pet,” said Dr. Aronson. “In fact, an estimated 1.5 million adult dogs suffers from this painful, degenerative joint disease, which can seriously reduce your pet’s mobility and quality of life.”

Preventative Healthcare and Integrative medicine is an “effective treatment of many Dog and Cat medical conditions, as well as offers significant health benefits,” said Dr. Aronson. Research indicates that although the incidence of arthritis tends to increase with age, it can also affect dogs of any age, breed, or size.

“We have been amazed at the significant increase of cases of younger aged dogs requiring arthritic rehabilitation at PAWS Integrative Veterinary Center,” said Dr. Aronson. “It is definitely a growing problem, but the good news is that there are several alternatives to manage and reduce the pain. improve wellness and raise the bar on the quality of life for our arthritic 4-legged best friends.”

The recent economy downturn is not only playing havoc with the lives of human beings, but also with domesticated animals -- especially dogs and cats preventive healthcare. This year has seen a significant increase in the number of older dogs that are brought in for treatment. Here are preventative and treatment steps that may help pets:
1. Food therapy—switching pets to high quality protein, grain-free diets.
2. Grain-free treats or whole fruits and vegetables, avoiding onions, grapes, raisins, and tomatoes.
3. Rehabilitation or veterinary (physical therapy) examination, x-rays and lab work
4. Supplements to improve joint health
5. Supplements to improve nerve health
6. Underwater Treadmill therapy

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It's now possible to replace a defective penis with a penis grown in a laboratory -- in rabbits.

It's now possible to replace a defective, damaged, or diseased penis with a penis grown in a laboratory -- in rabbits.

But the finding promises an amazing new treatment for infants, boys, and men who suffer penis disfigurement. The replacement organ would be grown on a penis-shaped matrix seeded with cells from the patient's own body.

Researcher Anthony Atala, MD, director of the Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, reported the findings at this week's annual meeting of the American Urological Association in Atlanta.

"Our goal is eventually to treat infants and adults with birth defects, penis trauma, or penis cancer," Atala tells WebMD. "But this is a future goal. We are now deciding which animal model to explore next."

While human trials are still far off, the Atala team's recent accomplishments make their goal highly credible. Atala and colleagues recently reported successfully using much the same technique to replace defective bladders in human children with spina bifida.

In the rabbit study, Atala's team removed the penises from rabbits and entirely replaced the organs with penises grown from the animal's own cells.

Atala says the new penises have blood vessels and nerves that allow them to become fully functional. Indeed, the replacement penises worked like a charm. The rabbits were able to get erections, mate with females, and get females pregnant with normal, healthy pups.

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The tell-tale signs of arthritis

Thousands of people with the tell-tale signs of arthritis are taking up to 10 years off their lives by putting off going to see their doctor, experts have warned.

A study has shown there is a crucial 'three-month window' when rheumatoid arthritis - which causes stiff, swollen and sore joints - can be slowed down and even stopped in its tracks.

The research suggests the toll of the disease in Britain could be scaled back if it is caught within these early months when symptoms first appear in patients.

But most sufferers with painful knuckles and toes wait longer before visiting their GP.

Left untreated or tackled too late, the crippling condition can lead to people giving up work. Poorly treated rheumatoid arthritis also raises the risk of heart attacks and other cardiac problems.

Dr Karim Raza, a consultant rheumatologist, said: 'Recent trial data has shown that there is a three-month window after the start of symptoms and if you look at the molecules in the joints at that time they are different from what they are at a later stage.

'The data suggests that if you intervene within those three months you can very rapidly slow progression of the disease and in some cases halt it.

'There is also a suggestion that if you intervene aggressively you might in a small proportion of people actually switch off the disease.'

He added: 'A quarter of patients stop working within the first five years of diagnosis.

'And the condition doesn't just affect the joints. On average, people with rheumatoid arthritis die 10 years younger than people without rheumatoid arthritis.'

Modern medicine allows the condition, in which the immune system attacks the joint, to be quickly diagnosed and, in many cases to be effectively treated.

Studies show that given early enough, methotrexate and other pills available on the NHS, can greatly slow the progress of the condition and, in some cases even halt it all together.

But they are most effective if given within the first three months of someone developing early symptoms such as swollen and painful joints.

In extreme cases, eight years pass between the first signs of rheumatoid arthritis and the prescription of pills, the British Science Festival heard.

Dr Raza, whose research is partly funded by Arthritis Research UK, said: 'The patient is the main culprit. On average, patients spent three months thinking about whether to see their GP.

'People think that developing aches and pains is part and parcel of life. They don't think it is serious or they don't want to waste their GPs time.'

One of the most common of the 200 or so types of arthritis, the condition affects twice as many women as men.

Tell-tale signs include a stiffness of the fingers and toes that wears off over the course of the day, rather than worsening with exercise.

The knuckles and other finger joints are particularly susceptible, as the joints between the toes and foot, with both sides of the body affected equally.

Although the rheumatoid arthritis is most common after the age of 40, it can occur at any age.

In osteoarthritis, the most common form of the condition, the problems are not caused by the immune system but by the cartilage that takes the strain in joints getting worn way.

Dr Raza added that the development of tests that would allow the better matching of drugs to patients could see some patients cured by early treatment.

'That's the Holy Grail,' he said. 'There is a precedent in the cancer literature - the more you understand what's going on in a tumour, the more you're able to target treatments and the better the outcomes. We'd like the same to be true of rheumatoid arthritis.'

A spokesman for Arthritis Research UK said: 'The average delay of 12 weeks between the onset of symptoms and going to the GP is something that needs to be urgently tackled, as we know that early diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is vital if we want to get the condition under control quickly to prevent joint damage.

'Many people are not aware of rheumatoid arthritis nor how serious it can be, and assume aches and pains in their joints are something to do with over-doing exercise or gardening.

'We have a lot of work to do in raising awareness of rheumatoid arthritis among the general public so that they know to seek their GP's advice as soon as they develop symptoms.'

The study included 123 people allergic to ragweed

"People with hay fever react differently when ragweed allergy season arrives. Some start sneezing right away, and others don't, so we wanted to determine what makes certain people develop symptoms more quickly," said allergist Anne K. Ellis, MD, lead author of the study and an ACAAI member. "We tested a number of common perennial allergens and found that having an allergy to cats, dogs or dust mites sets hay fever sufferers up for faster onset of symptoms when exposed to ragweed."

The study included 123 people allergic to ragweed. Of those, 66 percent tested positive for cat allergies, 63 percent tested positive for dog allergies and 73 percent tested positive for dust mite allergies. All were exposed to ragweed for three hours in a special controlled room called the Environmental Exposure Unit (at Kingston General Hospital, Ontario), and completed symptom questionnaires every 30 minutes during exposure.

"On average, those who tested positive for cat, dog or dust mite allergies developed symptoms either faster than, or to a greater degree than those who tested negative for those allergies," said Dr. Ellis. "The differences seen at 90 minutes of exposure were less dramatic after 3 hours of exposure, however. That suggests that once the hay fever season is in full swing, the symptom differences between those with cat, dog or dust mite allergies and those without no longer exist."

Vitamin D - effective therapeutic agent to treat or prevent allergy to a common mold

Research conducted by Dr. Jay Kolls, Professor and Chair of Genetics at LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, and colleagues, has found that vitamin D may be an effective therapeutic agent to treat or prevent allergy to a common mold that can complicate asthma  and frequently affects patients with Cystic Fibrosis. The work was scheduled to be published online August 16, 2010, ahead of the print edition of the September 2010 issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation.

The environmental mold, Aspergillus fumigatus, is one of the most prevalent fungal organisms inhaled by people. In the vast majority, it is not associated with disease. However, in asthmatics and in patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), it can cause significant allergic symptoms. Up to 15% of CF patients develop a severe allergic response called Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA). Since the mold is so common, the researchers wanted to identify the factors that determine why only a subset of patients develop the allergy and what factors regulate tolerance or sensitization to the mold resulting in the development of ABPA. To gain insights, the group studied two groups of patients with CF. Both groups were colonized with A. Fumigatus, but only one had ABPA.

The researchers focused on Th2 cells - the hormonal messengers of T-helper cells that produce an allergic response. They found that a protein called OX40L was critical in driving Th2 responses to A. fumigatus in the CD4+T cells isolated from patients with ABPA and that this group had a much greater Th2 responses to A. Fumigatus. The CD4+T cells from the group of patients that did not have ABPA had higher levels of the proteins, FoxP3 and TGF-ß, critical to the development of allergen tolerance. The researchers discovered that heightened Th2 reactivity in the ABPA group correlated with a lower average blood level of vitamin D.

"We found that adding vitamin D not only substantially reduced the production of the protein driving an allergic response , but it also increased production of the proteins that promote tolerance," notes Dr. Jay Kolls, Professor and Chair of Genetics at LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans.

According to the National Institutes of Health, Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common, fatal genetic disease in the United States. About 30,000 people in the United States have the disease. CF causes the body to produce thick, sticky mucus that clogs the lungs, leads to infection, and blocks the pancreas, which stops digestive enzymes from reaching the intestine where they are required in order to digest food. It is estimated that about 70,000 people worldwide have the disease.

Recent research has suggested that low levels of vitamin D may contribute to heart disease, a higher risk of diabetes, certain cancers, and depression as well as asthma, colds, and other respiratory disorders.

"Our study provides further evidence that vitamin D appears to be broadly associated with human health," notes Dr. Jay Kolls, Professor and Chair of Genetics at LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans. "The next step in our research is to conduct a clinical trial to see if vitamin D can be used to treat or prevent this complication of asthma and Cystic Fibrosis."

There are three types of body fat

Skinfold self-testing at home
There are three types of body fat: The first is subcutaneous fat, which is stored
right below your skin. Second, there's intramuscular fat, which is inside the muscle
tissue (picture the fat inside a "marbled steak."). Third, you have internal fat,
which is located on and around your internal organs for protective cushioning.
Skinfold testing is based on the premise that the majority of your body fat is
subcutaneous– right below your skin where you can see and grab it. By "pinching"
the skin and fat and measuring the thickness of the fold at one or more sites, you
can get a fairly accurate estimate of your total body fat percentage...and more
importantly, a way to consistently measure your progress from week to week.
Until quite recently, a challenge many people faced was not having an experienced
fitness professional available to test you. For years, a skinfold test could only be
performed by somebody else (there was no way to "pinch yourself.") A second
person was required to "pinch your fat" at several locations, including spots you
can't reach, such as your upper back. Even if you were the "human pretzel" and
you could somehow reach around and measure all your own skinfolds, it wouldn't
be accurate.
This problem was surmounted when a company called Accu-Fitness invented an
inexpensive plastic skinfold caliper called the Accu Measure. The Accu Measure is
different from other calipers because it was designed so you can measure your
own body fat at home and you don't even need another person to help! This
method is inexpensive, convenient and private!
There's a LOT to be said for the accountability factor when you have a coach or
trainer measure your body fat every week. However, the privacy factor of the Accu
Measure is also nice because if you're like most people, you prefer not to have a
stranger groping your fat rolls every week. It's kind of embarrassing in the
beginning... although once you start getting leaner, you may surprise yourself
when one day you're proud to have someone "pinch you" - because there's nothing
there but thin skin on top of rock hard muscle!)

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Is β-Carotene and Other Carotenoids Important in Cancer Prevention?

Is β-Carotene and Other Carotenoids Important in
Cancer Prevention?
β-Carotene and other carotenoids has long been speculated as reducing
the risk of cancer. In accordance, several studies of populations have
suggested that when people ate more carotenoids the presence of cancer
was lower. Interestingly, while β-carotene often receives the most atten-
tion other carotenoids have been shown to strong benefit as well. For
example, studies involving smokers have suggested that the dietary intake
of total carotenoids, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin
have a more clear relationship to reducing lung cancer risk. Thus it makes
sense to eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables to allow for a broad variety
of carotenoids and to plan a supplementation regimen along this line of
thinking as well.
Arimidex is approved for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer.

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The environment that we inhabit

    The Very Basics of Humans
   All that we (our body) are, ever were, or are going to be is borrowed
from the environment that we inhabit. This unique state of indebtedness
is primarily attributed to our nutrition intake. We must be grateful to the
earth's crust for lending us minerals that strengthen our bones and teeth
and allow us to have electrical operations that drives nerve and muscle
function. We must also pay homage to plants for the carbohydrate forms
that power our operations and for the amino acids that make the protein
in our muscle.
    Nutrition refers to the science of nourishing our body.
   All too often we do not truly appreciate the relevance of nutrition to
our basic being. But again, please keep in mind that nearly everything we
are and are able to do is either a direct or indirect reflection of our past
and current nutrition intake. No matter how oversimplified nutrition
may seem in television commercials and on cereal boxes, it is without a
doubt one of the most complex and interesting sciences out there. One of
the major tasks of this site is to provide an understandable overview of
nutrition as it applies to optimal health and longevity.

I was aware of the natural methods of treatment

I underwent a barium meal examination which indicated "
Chronic doudenitis, may be chronic duodenal ulcer." The numerous drugs prescribed for the
treatment of this ailment and the continuing weakness and heaviness of my left side made my
condition worse still. I endured this for three years, until the pain and heaviness of the left side
was miraculously cured by an astrologer : But nothing could rid me of the heartburn, abdominal
pain and occasional severe stomach upsets, which continued to necessiate the use of several
drugs. Investigations, from time to time, confirmed the diagnosis of duodenitis or chronic
duodenal ulcer. A barium meal examination , done when I was 39, revealed hiatus hernia with
peptic oesophegal ulcers.
To add to all of this, at 45, an eminent heart specialist declared me a heart patient, following a
check-up due to pain on the left side of my chest. The heavy drugging, dieting etc. that ensued completely ruined my health and resulted in insomnia and a weight loss of 15 kg. Consulting
another eminent heart specialist two years later, I was informed that there was no evidence
whatsoever of heart trouble, but he confirmed the presence of hiatus hernia and stomach
trouble. God alone knows which diagnosis was correct : Then came a host of diseases in rapid
succession - spondylosis, myalgia, backache and prostate enlargement, in treating all of which
the modern medical system failed to give me any relief, despite taking huge quantities of drugs,
especially painkillers, antacid tablets and tranquillisers.
All this time, I was aware of the natural methods of treatment ...

The calorie theory is as follow

The calorie theory is as follows :

If a particular individual needs 2,500 calories a day and consumes only 2,000, a 500 calorie deficit results. To compensate for the deficit, the body will draw on its fat reserves to find an equivalent amount of energy, and weight loss will result. If, on the other hand, an individual has a daily intake of 3,500 calories when only 2,500 are needed, the excess 1,000 calories will automatically be stored as body fat.

The theory is therefore based on the assumption that there is no loss of energy. It is purely mathematical, drawn directly from Lavoisier's theory on the laws of thermodynamics.

At this point we may well be wondering how it was that prisoners in Nazi concentration camps managed to survive for almost five years on only 700 to 800 calories a day. If the calorie theory was correct, the prisoners should have died once their body fat was used up in other words, within a few months.

Similarly, we may wonder how people with big appetites who consume 4,000 to 5,000 calories a day are not fatter than they are (some even remain skinny). If the calorie theory was correct, these hearty eaters would come to weigh 60 to 80 stone within a few years.

Furthermore, how can you explain why some people continue to put on weight even when they reduce their daily calorie intake by eating less? Thousands of people go on gaining weight like this while starving themselves to death.

mitochondrial dysfunctions

Aging is associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions, which trigger membrane leakage, release of reactive species from oxygen and nitrogen and subsequent induction of peroxidative reactions that result in biomolecules' damaging and releasing of metals with amplification of free radicals discharge. Free radicals induce neuronal cell death increasing tissue loss, which could be associated with memory detriment. These pathological events are involved in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and carcinogenic processes. Dietary bioactive compounds from different functional foods, herbs and nutraceuticals (ginseng, ginkgo, nuts, grains, tomato, soy phytoestrogens, curcumin, melatonin, polyphenols, antioxidant vitamins, carnitine, carnosine, ubiquinone, etc.) can ameliorate or even prevent diseases. Protection from chronic diseases of aging involves antioxidant activities, mitochondrial stabilizing functions, metal chelating activities, inhibition of apoptosis of vital cells, and induction of cancer cell apoptosis. Functional foods and nutraceuticals constitute a great promise to improve health and prevent aging-related chronic diseases.

Chamomile extract in preventing inflammation and cancer

Inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) has been implicated in the process of inflammation and carcinogenesis. Chamomile has long been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this study we aimed to investigate whether chamomile interferes with the COX-2 pathway. MAIN METHODS: We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages as an in vitro model for our studies. KEY FINDINGS: Chamomile treatment inhibited the release of LPS-induced prostaglandin E(2) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. This effect was found to be due to inhibition of COX-2 enzyme activity by chamomile. In addition, chamomile caused reduction in LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA and protein expression, without affecting COX-1 expression. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, sulindac and a specific COX-2 inhibitor, NS398, were shown to act similarly in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Our data suggest that chamomile works by a mechanism of action similar to that attributed to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings add a novel aspect to the biological profile of chamomile which might be important for understanding the usefulness of aqueous chamomile extract in the form of tea in preventing inflammation and cancer .

Casodex is used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.
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Allowing Plan B drug maker

The FDA has complied with a federal court order issued on March 23, 2009, by allowing Plan B drug maker, Barr Pharmaceuticals Inc, now part of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, to submit an application for approval for the pill to be made available to women 17 and older without a prescription. The court order directed the FDA to comply with within 30 days of the decision. Based on scientific findings made in 2005 by the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, the agency has decided not to file an appeal. In as little as ten months, seventeen-year-old girls will have access to the emergency contraception, commonly called the "morning after" pill, without a prescription. Prior to the March court order, the nonprescription use of Plan B had been restricted to those eighteen and older, although Barr Pharmaceuticals had previously sought access for girls sixteen years of age and older.Many conservative groups oppose nonprescription access to Plan B, arguing that it's easy access could lead to promiscuity and could possibly become a tool for sexual predators and criminals running prostitution rings. However, women's health advocates are exuberant over decision with their belief that because Plan B is safe and effective in preventing unwanted pregnancy, it could help reduce the number of abortions. In addition, many believe that Plan B should be made available with no age restrictions arguing that it is crucial for women to have fast access to the drug, as it is highly successful in preventing pregnancy when used within twenty-four hours of having sexual intercourse. In a statement, Wendy Wright, president of the conservative group Concerned Women for America said, "The FDA violated its standards when it made the high dose Plan B available nonprescription to adults. But now the FDA is making the drug available to minors without parental consent." She then added, "The FDA should have challenged the decision." Others who oppose the relaxed access to the contraceptive say that Plan B is the equivalent of an abortion pill as it can prevent a fertilized egg from attaching to the uterus. Recent research suggests that this is a possibility, although an unlikely one. According to Nancy Northup, president of the Center for Reproductive Rights, which initiated the lawsuit in 2005, "It's a good indication that the agency will move expeditiously to ensure its policy on Plan B is based solely on science." Amy Allina, policy director of the National Women's Health Network, stated that the FDA's decision "gets us part way to where we believe the FDA should be." However, she also noted, "Putting it behind the counter does not make it safer or more effective. In fact, because it creates another barrier it's likely to make it less effective." The Plan B dosage consist of two pills that contain higher amounts of progestin than are used in prescription birth control pills. It works by preventing ovulation or fertilization and when taken within 72 hours of having unprotected sex, it can reduce the chances of pregnancy by as much as 89 percent. The treatment sells for $35 to $60 and women must ask for Plan B at the pharmacy counter and provide identification having proof of age. According to Teva, even with restrictions, sales of Plan B "have more than doubled" since becoming available to adults from pharmacists in 2006.

Evening primrose seeds contain an oil with a high concentration

Evening Primrose Oil for Lowering Cholesterol

Evening primrose seeds contain an oil with a high concentration of compounds rarely found in plants: essential fatty acids, specifically gamma-linolenic acid. In one study, reported in The Review of Natural Products, 79 people with high cholesterol took 4 grams of Efamol every day for three months (which provides about 320 mg of GLA), and their average cholesterol level fell 31.5 percent. The suggested dose for evening primrose oil starts at 1-gram gelcaps twice or three times a day. High cholesterol requires professional care, so consult your physician about GLA.

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VITAMIN B3 (Niacin) Essential for proper circulation and healthy skin

VITAMIN B3 (Niacin) Essential for proper circulation and healthy skin. Increases energy, aids digestion, helps prevent migranes. HERBAL SOURCES: Alfalfa, burdock root, catnip, cayenne, chamomile, chickweed, eyebright, fennel seed, hops, licorice, mullein, nettle, oat straw, parsley, peppermint, raspberry leaf, red clover, rose hips, slippery elm, yellow dock.

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Scientific theories Echinacea

Echinacea
Uses based on tradition or theory 

The below uses are based on tradition or scientific theories. They often have not been thoroughly tested in humans, and safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider.

Abscesses, acne, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bacterial infections, bee stings, boils, burn wounds, diphtheria, dizziness, eczema, gingivitis, gum inflammation (pyorrhea), hemorrhoids, herpes labialis, HIV/AIDS, influenza, malaria, menopause, migraine headache, mouth sores, nasal congestion/runny nose, pain, psoriasis, rheumatism, skin ulcers, snake bites, stomach upset, syphilis, tonsillitis, typhoid, urinary disorders, urinary tract infections, whooping cough (pertussis).

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Obama quit smoking for good.

Doctors say President Obama is "fit for duty," but that doesn't mean he's making all the right lifestyle choices.


After the president underwent a 90-minute physical exam at the National Naval Medical Center Sunday morning, Navy Capt. Jeffery Kuhlman, the chief White House physician, declared him to be in "excellent health."

But Kuhlman still had some healthy recommendations for the president. First and foremost: "Continue smoking cessation efforts."

Slideshow: America's Unhealthiest Presidents

Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a New York City-based cardiologist, said that despite the president's clean bill of health, he may still be at risk for heart disease, because he is a smoker in a high-stress job.

"It's great that he is physically fit, but it won't counteract the fact that he still smokes," Goldberg said. "To reduce his risk of cardiac disease, you can count his exercising as a benefit, but he needs to quit smoking ."


Goldberg said stress not only can raise a person's blood pressure, but it can cause him to pay less attention to his health.

"Heart disease is bipartisan problem, as we have seen recently with Bill Clinton and Dick Cheney," Goldberg said.

Obama will return for another physical exam next summer when he turns 50. Until then, he is going to have to put some extra effort toward his overall wellness.

"President Obama shows that like all Americans, he is a regular person, he is going to have to work on taking care of his health just like we do," Goldberg said.

Dr. Len Horovitz, attending physician at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York, said he thinks too much emphasis has been put on Obama's fitness.

"Exercise does not reverse effects of smoking on the lung," Horovitz said. "He's thin, which is nice, but smoking is the worst habit out there."

This is not the first time Obama has been advised to kick the habit. In the past, he has used nicotine replacement therapy, most commonly in the form of nicotine gum. African American men are at a much higher risk for stroke and heart disease, conditions that smoking increases the chances of.

"Even a few cigarettes a day triples your risk of heart disease, so it's not like a little bit of smoking is OK," Horowitz said. "Since he is a black man he has higher chance of developing high blood pressure, and even though his blood pressure was very good, the game is not over yet."

Before Obama began his run for president, Michelle Obama told the public that her husband had quit smoking for good.

"The president is great role model in every other health respect besides smoking ," Horowitz said.

What is Osteo-arthritis?

What is Osteo-arthritis?
Osteo-arthritis (OA) is most common form of arthritis affecting mostly the Knees.

How common is Osteo-arthritis?
Osteo-arthritis is most affecting one out of eight people between the ages of 18 and 79. According to Arthritis Foundation, approximately 16 million Americans suffer from Osteo-arthritis, three times as many women as men. Osteo-arthritis has increased recently due to sedentary lifestyle as people walking less, are more over-weight, eat fast food, junk food etc and are not keeping the muscles toned by doing quality exercises. so they are bound to suffer from knee disorders which is simply gravity and weight leading to wearing-out of cartilages. Also more Osteo-arthritis is seen due to increase in awareness and life expectancy, and increase in treatment modalities.

At what age does osteo-arthritis occur?
Most common age for osteo-arthritis is after 60-65 years and this is a normal course of events like losing hair or getting grey hair. But when it occurs in the late 40's or early 50's, then this is due to bad lifestyle.
How does Osteo-arthritis occurs?
Cartilage contains fluid and elastic tissue, and functions to reduce friction as the joint moves. It acts as a shock absorber and as the sliding surface that covers the ends of bones. Osteo-arthritis results from chemical changes in the cartilage that cause it to break down faster than it can be produced.

Knee starts degenerating with age which is more when there is extra weight, diabetes. gout, autoimmune diseases, etc. Gradually the smooth and shiny cartilage between the two bones of the thigh and leg starts wearing out and the bone strikes bone and this leads to a lot of pain and stiffness, especially early in the morning. There is stiffness in the morning and patient requires to take a few steps before he can walk properly.

Previous infection of the joint may predispose to Osteo-arthritis by altering the chemical makeup of cartilage. The weakened cartilage causes it to wears out due to which bone rubs against bone. ultimately leadings to Osteo-arthritis and increased bone density, which may result in bones that are less able to absorb impacts and to protect cartilage from trauma.
What treatment are available for O.A.?
Till now there was no known cure for Osteo-arthritis. The treatments available were:
Decrease the pain with medicines, Herbs and Heat or cold applications
Supportive measures like Weight loss, Rest, Nutrition / food supplements
Assistive devices to make life easier.
Exercise and Paraffin bath etc
Surgical treatments for severe Osteo-arthritis with significant loss of cartilage. These include :
Arthroscopy for pain relief or to fix the joint
Osteotomy to correct joint deformity
Arthrodesis to immobilize joint by fixing bones
Joint replacement for severe joint deterioration

Surgery for Osteo-arthritis is usually considered a choice surgery unless patient is unfit for surgery. However it may need several months of rehabilitation after surgery and an artificial joint may only last for 10 to 20 years when it may wears out and need repeat surgery.



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